30 Jun 2008

Spent German cartridge cases on the parapet of the sunken road


Photo: Nils Fabiansson © All rights reserved.

Spent German cartridge cases (in the foreground) on the parapet of a particular sunken road - see Das Begleitbuch zu Ernst Jünger 'In Stahlgewittern', pp. 47, 51-53 (in particular the caption at p. 47). Photograph view towards north, the western embankment of the sunken road (the sunken road is to the right of the cartridge cases).

24 Jun 2008

Professional photography of the Western Front






Although there is certainly no lack of spectacular motives, there are not many photo-books or documentary photography magazines with the Western Front as theme. However, about ten years ago two photo-books appeared, both published in various editions, and both got follow-ups wich focus on particular areas of the western front.

Les Champs de la mémoire: Paysages de la Grande Guerre (Editions du Chêne 1998), by the British photographer John Foley and Anne Roze (author), has a preface by Jean Rouaud, the author of the 1990 bestseller Les Champs d'honneur (translations: Fields of Glory; Die Felder der Ehre; Ärans väg etc.), and was published in English already the following year, Fields of Memory: A Testimony to the Great War (Cassell 1999, and later paperback editions).

Also Traces de la grande guerre: Les vestiges oubliés de la mer du Nord à la Suisse (text in both English and French, published in one and two volumes, Morval 1999), by the French-American photographer Jean S. Cartier (see more about J. S. Cartier here), has a preface by Jean Rouaud. Notice that there is also an older hardback edition of this book, published 1995 in a smaller edition. (From the photographer's web site: "This project, which aimed to record as many surviving vestiges of the conflict, was carried out over a twelve-year period with a large-format camera (4x5) along the 1914-1918 trench system stretching from the North Sea coast of Belgium to the French-Swiss border. More than 350 sites were surveyed.")

These books above are now very rare and expensive at the secondhand booksellers.


Verstild en Versteend/Weathered Witness: Relicten uit de Eerste Wereldoorlog from 2007 is a beautiful monocrome photography book with texts in both Dutch and English, by Patrick Goossens (photographer) and Wim Degrande (text and research). Wim Degrande is well known among Western Front travellers and researchers. The book is published by Davidsfonds/Leuven (24 x 24 cm, 208 pages).



But what is the strange thing at the beautiful cover photograph? It is actually one of the Quellen (springs) in Bois-le-Prêtre ("Priesterwald"), which Ernst Jünger stands beside at an often reproduced photograph from his time at Regniéville 1917!



Apart from these books, the western front has been the subject for at least two professional photography magazines.


The Belgian/Netherland edition of National Geographic had an article, "Bewogen land", in the November 2004 issue, with a couple of nice photographs by Tim Dirven. Order back issues here - unfortunately only possible to Belgium and the Netherlands...


Back in 1964 Life Magazine published a photographic First World War series (March 13; March 20; April 17; May 8; May 22 and in particular, June 5; the series also published as a book 1965). Although it focuses on photographs and posters from the 1914-1918 period, the issue with the final part of the series (June 5, 1964) includes several great contemporary (the 1960s) photographs of the Verdun battlefields.

20 Jun 2008

Fußnote zur Fußnote 57 - die Löns-Gebeine (the Löns' bones)


Der deutsche Kriegsfriedhof von Loivre in der Nähe des ehemaligen Wäldchens namens Fasanerie, Blickrichtung nach Nordwesten. Die Front verlief ungefähr vor dem Waldrand entlang der Autobahn im Hintergrund. Hinter dem Friedhof lag der Granatenwald.
Aufname: Nils Fabiansson
© All rights reserved.

The German war grave cemetery Loivre near by the former copse "Fasanerie" (its German name), view towards northeast. The front run approximately in front of the edge of the forest along the motorway in the background. Behind the cemetery was the former "Granatenwald".

Photo: Nils Fabiansson
© All rights reserved.

20 Jahre später sollten die Nationalsozialisten Hermann Löns in ihrer Propaganda und ihrer spektakulären Schaffung eines „arischen“ Mythos mißbrauchen. Hitler ließ Löns’ sterbliche Überreste von seinen SA-Truppen ausgraben und nach Deutschland bringen, wo sie dann im Sinne des bizarren nationalsozialistischen pseudo-archäologischen Stils in einem der steinzeitlichen Grabhügel mit dem Namen Sieben Steinhäuser auf der Lüneburger Heide beigesetzt wurden. Nach einigen Kontroversen darüber, ob die Überreste, die als „Löns-Gebeine“ bekannt wurden, tatsächlich Löns gehörten, wurden sie wiederum ausgegraben und schließlich 1935 im Tietlinger Wacholderpark zwischen Walsrode und Fallingbostel in der Lüneburger Heide beigesetzt, doch diesmal mit einer üblicheren und bescheideneren Grabinschrift: „Hier ruht Hermann Löns“.

[Thanks Dr. Till Kinzel for translation!]

20 years after his death, Löns was used by the Nazis in their propaganda and spectacular “Aryan” myth making. Hitler let Löns’ remains be dug up by his SA troops and taken to Germany where they were supposed to be – in the bizarre pseudo-archaeological Nazi style – buried in one of the stone age grave dolmens called the Sieben Steinhäusern (the Seven Stone Houses) on the Lüneburg Heath, north of Hanover. After some controversy whether the excavated remains, which became known as the “Löns-Gebeine” ("the Löns-bones"), actually were Löns’ or not, the bones were eventually buried 1935 in the Tietlingen Wacholderpark between Walsrode and Fallingbostel at the Lüneburg Heath, but with a more regular and modest headstone with the inscription: “Hier ruht Hermann Löns“ ("Here rests Hermann Löns").

16 Jun 2008

Pont-à-Mousson (I) Bois-le-Prêtre


Photo: Nils Fabiansson © All rights reserved.

The eastern part of Bois-le-Prêtre in early morning fog, seen from the memorial to général Searby (Stèle W. Searby) on the Mousson hill east of Pont-à-Mousson (seen in the foreground). Ernst Jünger's Regniéville is about 11 kilometers further to the west, on the other side of the Mosel valley.

Blick vom Mousson-Hügel über Pont-à-Mousson. Auf den Höhen auf der anderen Seite des Moseltales liegt der östliche Rand des Bois-le-Prêtre (Priesterwald) elf Kilometer von Regniéville.

12 Jun 2008

In Stahlgewittern in Finnish: Teräsmyrskyssä



In July 2008 a Finnish translation (by Markus Lång) of In Stahlgewittern will be published, Teräsmyrskyssä *. The publishing company Ajatus Kirjat is a non-fiction imprint belonging to Gummerus, Finland's oldest publishing house (est. 1872), which is the third biggest publishing house in Finland.

The book has a preface, "Sotaelämyksen tulkitsija, kiistelty kirjailija Ernst Jünger" (which could be translated to "The render of war, the controversial author Ernst Jünger"), by history professor Marjatta Hietala, who in the beginning of the 1970s wrote her dissertation Der neue Nationalismus in der Publizistik Ernst Jüngers und des Kreises um ihn 1920-1933 (Helsinki, 1975), and also interviewed Jünger several times. The preface includes a biography, but is mainly an academic discussion about Jünger and German nationalism of the 1920s-30s, i.e. about der neue Nationalismus in der Publizistik Ernst Jüngers und des Kreises um ihn 1920-1933, not about the autobiographical account of the First World War In Stahlgewittern.

* There is actually already a book in Finland with the title Teräsmyrskyssä, i.e. Aake Jermo's book from 1980 about the great battle at Äyräpää-Vuosalmen in 1944: Teräsmyrskyssä loppuun asti ("In the storm of steel to the end").

Thanks Victor Aitman for help with translation etc!

11 Jun 2008

The 18th Division Memorial by Trones Wood



The "18th Division Memorial" by Trones Wood at Guillemont just after the war. Photo from Guide Michelin's battlefield guide. The memorial is visible from Ernst Jünger's sunken road today.

7 Jun 2008

Dobschützwald (I)


Aerial photograph by Mathieu de Meyer (A.W.A. - Association for World War Archaeology), from the preliminary archaeological survey of the A19 Project (2003).
© Mathieu de Meyer. All rights reserved. Used with kind permission.

Tauentzienstellung (the Tauentzien-line) run along the road to the left in the picture. With the NGI/IGN 20/5-6 and 28/1-2 together with Das Begleitbuch zu Ernst Jünger 'In Stahlgewittern', it is possible to locate Dobschützwald ("Dobschütz Wood") with its former bunkers; the remains of the railroad embankment, and what was the "huge cratered field of desperate horror" (Storm of Steel, 2003 translation, p. 161), where Ernst Jünger and his men covered a night in a fortified house in the beginning of the Third Battle of Ypres 1917. Artilleriewald is out of the picture to the right.

4 Jun 2008

E. S. Mittler & Sohn Verlag - the history, part III [Fußnote zur Fußnote 407.]


The ruins of the E. S. Mittler & Sohn Verlag's printing house in 1945. Aquarelle by Erich Stegmann, “Trümmer des Druckeri­gebaudes 1945”, from: Gerd Schulz, S. Toeche-Mittler Verlagsbuchhandlung GmbH, Vormals E. S. Mittler & Sohn, Berlin: 200 Jahre Eines Deutschen Verlags 1989 (1989).

The 3rd February 1945 the buildings of E. S. Mittler & Sohn Verlag at Kochstraße 68–71 in central Berlin was destroyed in an Allied air raid. During the immediate post-war years, the company was put under supervision by the American occupation forces. In 1951, Siegfried Toeche-Mittler (1904–1960), the son of Jünger’s publisher, restarted the family’s company in Darmstadt, but nevertheless it was soon divided into two parts, S. Toeche-Mittler Verlagsbuchandlung and E. S. Mittler & Sohn Verlag.

Although the Mittler family lost its old publishing company, which soon was moved to Frankfurt am Main, the new owner, the former German army colonel Dr. Jur. Wilhelm Reibert, had close connections to it: From 1929 to 1943 he had written the Soldatenhandbuch (military handbook) Der Dienstunterricht, published by E. S. Mittler & Sohn Verlag. As a matter of facts, the army instructions for the Bundeswehr is still today known as “Der Reibert” and is still published by E. S. Mittler & Sohn Verlag.

Ernst Jünger had at the time not been published by E. S. Mittler & Sohn Verlag since his Gärten und Straßen 1943 – he had been officially banned from publishing in Nazi-Germany after he had published this book. In the late 1950s Jünger finally began publish his books at Ernst Klett Verlag in Stuttgart, which eventually took over the rights to all his former work.

As it happened, the inheritors of Wilhelm Reibert bought the old official-prints publisher Maximilian Verlag in the 1970s. Since 1991, Maximilian-Verlag, together with E. S. Mittler & Sohn Verlag and another old publishing company, Koehler Verlag, founded by Karl Franz Koehler in Leipzig 1789, are under the same roof: Maximilian-Verlag Dr. Kurt Schober GmbH & Co KG, located in central Hamburg.


The house of Verlagsgruppe Koehler/Mittler to the right. The Hamburg central station is seen in the background.

Photo: Nils Fabiansson
© All rights reserved.


Einhundert Jahre des Geschäftshauses Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn.
Königliche Hofbuchhandlung und Hofbuchdruckerei in Berlin. Ein Zeitbild
,
Berlin: Mittler & Sohn, 1889.

Einhundertfünfzig Jahre E. S. Mittler & Sohn. Verlagsbuchhandlung und Buchdruckerei 1789–1939.
Festschrift zum 3. März 1939 dem Gedenktage des 150jährigen Bestehens
,
Berlin: E. S. Mittler & Sohn, 1939.

Gerd Schulz, S. Toeche-Mittler Verlagsbuchhandlung GmbH, Vormals E. S. Mittler & Sohn, Berlin:
200 Jahre Eines Deutschen Verlags 1989
,
Darmstadt: Toeche-Mittler, S., Verlagsbuchhandung GmbH, 1989.

1 Jun 2008

Ernst Jünger - le numéro 15314


Oran, on the Algerian coast.

Contribution by Guillaume Tarche:

« Cela ne peut pas être très dangereux, le vin rouge… »

Diffusé dans l’émission radiophonique Tout arrive!, sur France Culture, le 22 avril 2008 (à l’occasion d’un entretien avec Julien Hervier pour la publication des Journaux de guerre dans la Bibliothèque de la Pléiade), ce court témoignage – duquel on ne connaît pas la date d’enregistrement – d’Ernst Jünger, en français, concerne son séjour dans la Légion à l’automne 1913. On peut l’écouter ici [environ entre 17’25’’ et 19’00’’]:

« Moi, j’avais le numéro 15314 ; il y a des chiffres que vous n’oubliez jamais, et pour moi c’est 15314, toujours. Mes parents m’ont écrit; au courrier, le caporal a dit: 15314… alors j’ai reçu les lettres… Quelquefois, mes parents m’ont aussi envoyé de l’argent, étant donné que mon salaire de soldat – ce n’est pas comme aujourd’hui, où vous avez 4000 francs – était d’un sou, soit 4 pfennigs… Un litre de vin rouge, de ce lourd vin rouge d’Algérie, ne coûtait qu’un sou, alors j’ai appris là, dans la Légion, à boire du vin rouge… et je m’y suis accoutumé… jusqu’à maintenant… ce qui veut dire que cela ne peut pas être très dangereux, le vin rouge… »

"Red wine doesn’t present any serious danger…"


This short account of Ernst Jünger, in French, evokes his stay in the French Foreign Legion, during the autumn of 1913. It has been broadcasted (April 22nd, 2008) on the France Culture radio, in the programme entitled Tout arrive!, which consisted in an interview with the translator Julien Hervier, on the occasion of the Journaux de guerre’s publication by the Bibliothèque de la Pléiade. The recording date is not mentioned in the programme. Listen here [between ca. 17:25-19:00 min.]:

Transcription:

"Me, I had the number 15314; there are numbers that you never forget, and to me, it’s 15314, always. My parents wrote to me; on the mail delivery, the corporal said: 15314… so I received the letters… Sometimes, my parents sent money too, considering that my pay – not like nowadays, where you can earn 4000 “francs” – raised one “sou”, or 4 “pfennig”… One litre of red wine, of this heavy Algerian red wine, cost only one “sou”, so I learned there, in the Légion, to drink red wine… and I got accustomed to it… until now… which means that red wine doesn’t present any serious danger…"